This book covers the Prolog programming language thoroughly with an emphasis on building practical application software, not just theory. Working through this book, readers build several types of expert systems, as well as natural language processing software and utilities to read foreign file formats. This is the first book to cover ISO Standard Prolog, but the programs are compatible with earlier dialects of the language. Program files are available by FTP from The University of Georgia.
This book discusses applications of Logic Programming to computational logic and potential applications to the integration of models of computation, knowledge representation and reasoning, and the Semantic Web.
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The goal of this book is to bridge the gap between the great traditional Prolog textbooks of the past and the language as it currently is. It is meant to teach Prolog as a practical programming tool and so it concentrates on using Prolog to solve interesting problems.
This book has became one of the most popular introductions to the Prolog programming language, an introduction prized for its clarity and down-to-earth approach. The emphasis in this book is on using Prolog effectively.
This book offers a departure from current books that focus on small programming examples requiring additional instruction in order to extend them to full programming projects. It shows how to design and organize moderate to large Prolog programs.
This book introduces major new developments in a continually evolving field and includes such topics as concurrency and equational and constraint logic programming. What sets this book apart from others on logic programming is the breadth of its coverage.
This is one of the few texts that combines three essential theses in the study of logic programming: logic, programming, and implementation. The book contains a concise and self-contained account of the logic behind Prolog programming.
The course for which these notes are designed is intended for undergraduate students who have some programming experience and may even have written a few programs in Prolog. The emphasis in this book is on using Prolog effectively.
This book contains programming experiments that are designed to reinforce the learning of discrete mathematics, logic, and computability. The Prolog programming language is the tool used for the experiments in this book.
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Literate programming was first introduced in 1984 by Donald Knuth, who intended it to create programs that were suitable literature for human beings. He implemented it at Stanford University as a part of his research on algorithms and digital typography. The implementation was called "WEB" since he believed that it was one of the few three-letter words of English that had not yet been applied to computing.[6] However, it resembles the complicated nature of software delicately pieced together from simple materials.[1] The practice of literate programming has seen an important resurgence in the 2010s with the use of computational notebooks, especially in data science.
A classic example of literate programming is the literate implementation of the standard Unix wc word counting program. Knuth presented a CWEB version of this example in Chapter 12 of his Literate Programming book. The same example was later rewritten for the noweb literate programming tool.[17] This example provides a good illustration of the basic elements of literate programming.
Lean 4 is a reimplementation of the Lean theorem prover in Lean itselfFootnote 2. It is an extensible theorem prover and an efficient programming language. The new compiler produces C code, and users can now implement efficient proof automation in Lean, compile it into efficient C code, and load it as a plugin. In Lean 4, users can access all internal data structures used to implement Lean by merely importing the package. Lean 4 is also a platform for developing efficient domain-specific automation. It has a more robust and extensible elaborator, and addresses many other shortcomings of Lean 3. We expect the Lean community to extend and add new features without having to change the Lean source code. We released Lean 4 at the beginning of 2021, it is open source, the community is already porting mathlib, and the number of applications is quickly growing. It includes a translation verifier for ReoptFootnote 3, a package for supporting inductive-inductive typesFootnote 4, and a car controllerFootnote 5.
Functional but in-place. Most functional languages rely on garbage collection for automatic memory management. They usually eschew reference counting in favor of a tracing garbage collector, which has less bookkeeping overhead at runtime. On the other hand, having an exact reference count of each value enables optimizations such as destructive updates [14]. When performing functional updates, objects often die just before creating an object of the same kind. We observe a similar phenomenon when we insert a new element into a purely functional data structure, such as binary trees, a theorem prover rewrites formulas, a compiler applies optimizations by transforming abstract syntax trees, or the function defined earlier. We call it the resurrection hypothesis: many objects die just before creating an object of the same kind. The Lean memory manager uses reference counting and takes advantage of this hypothesis, and enables pure code to perform destructive updates in all scenarios described above when objects are not shared. It also allows a novel programming paradigm that we call functional but in-place (FBIP) [10]. Our preliminary experimental results demonstrate our new compiler produces competitive code that often outperforms the code generated by high-performance compilers such as ocamlopt and GHC [14]. As an example, consider the function map f as that applies a function f to each element of a list as. 2ff7e9595c
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